孙东(1979), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事油田电网节能技术相关工作(E-mail:
张昊(1996), 男, 硕士在读, 研究方向为电力系统及其自动化
任伟(1974), 男, 专科, 技师, 从事设备管理及节能相关工作
准确判断电压暂降扰动源的相对位置, 对界定供用电双方责任以及制定治理措施提高供电质量具有重要意义。文中提出了基于正序电流故障分量相位比较原理的配电网电压暂降扰动源分界方法。通过建立不同位置发生不同类型故障时的正序故障分量等值网络, 分析变电站内所有进出线的正序电流故障分量相位分布与故障位置间的关联关系, 进而构建基于正序电流故障分量相位比较的电压暂降扰动源分界判据及其动作边界。该方法进行电压暂降扰动源分界时仅利用站端进出线的电流信息, 测量信息获取方便, 具有很好的工程应用前景。基于PSCAD建模仿真, 验证了短路故障、相位跳变以及负荷扰动情况下, 文中所提电压暂降扰动源分界方法效果较佳。
Accurately determining the relative position of the voltage sag disturbance source is significant for defining the responsibilities of both the power supplier and the consumer and the subsequent formulation of governance measures to improve power quality. Method for demarcating voltage sag disturbance source of distribution network based on phase comparison principle of positive sequence current fault component is proposed. Positive sequence fault component equivalent networks are established when different types of fault occur in different locations. Then the correlation between phase distribution of positive sequence current fault components and fault locations of all incoming and outgoing lines in substation are analyzed. Finally, the demarcation criterion and action boundary of the method for demarcating voltage sag disturbance source based on phase comparison principle of positive sequence current fault component are constructed. The method divides the disturbance source of the voltage sag, and only uses the current measurement information of the incoming and outgoing lines at the station. The measurement information is easy to obtain and has good engineering application prospect. The effect of voltage sag disturbance source demarcation is verified by modeling and simulating based on PSCAD when short circuit faults, phase jump and load disturbance occur.
电力是油田生产的主要动力来源, 是稳定原油生产的重要保障[
目前, 国内外提出的经典电压暂降扰动源区段定位方法主要有单变量法、功率和能量法、阻抗计算法、故障成因法等。单变量法主要有电压量法和电流量法[
文中基于油田配电网拓扑结构与管理架构特点, 提出基于正序电流故障分量相位比较原理的配电网电压暂降扰动源分界方法。该方法仅利用了站端进出线的电流信息, 测量信息获取方便, 且不受系统运行方式、短路故障类型、短路过渡电阻、电压暂降相位跳变等因素的影响。仿真验证了在短路故障、相位跳变及负荷扰动情况下, 该方法均能进行暂降扰动源的识别与定位, 具有很好的工程应用前景。
短路故障、大电机起动、电容的投切等均可能引起不同程度的电压暂降。以
油田配电网简化分析模型
Simplified analysis model for oilfield distribution network
设
Positive sequence fault component equivalent network when failure occurs at point
图中,
Positive sequence fault component equivalent network when failure occurs at point
以
Positive sequence fault component equivalent network when failure occurs at point
以
假设配电网共有
由第1章的理论分析可知, 电压暂降扰动源出现在电源侧、母线、不同馈线时, 母线进线与所有馈线出口处的正序电流故障分量相位存在各自的分布特征, 据此提出基于正序电流故障分量相位比较原理的电压暂降扰动源分界方法, 如
电压暂降扰动源分界方法
Demarcation method of voltage sag disturbance source
(1) 通过电能质量在线监测系统对10 kV母线电压进行实时监测, 判断系统是否发生电压暂降;
(2) 若发生电压暂降, 通过监测系统提取10 kV母线进出线正序电流故障分量相位, 分别计算10 kV母线进线与各馈线出口处正序电流故障分量相位差, 并进行相位分布特征比较。若满足式(1), 则扰动源出现在电源侧; 若满足式(2), 则扰动源出现在母线上; 若式(1)、式(2)皆不满足, 则扰动源位于某条馈线上, 此时执行式(4)便可确定扰动源位于第
为验证所提暂降扰动源分界方法的有效性, 基于
仿真模型参数
Simulation model parameters
参数 | 数值 |
电源电压/kV | 112∠0° |
最大、最小运行方式电源内阻抗/Ω | j9.734, j39.25 |
变压器容量/(MV·A) | 40 |
变压器空载损耗/kW | 28.03 |
变压器短路损耗/kW | 175.94 |
线路等值阻抗/Ω | 0.125+j0.078 5 |
线路 |
222.5+j101.42 |
线路 |
297.91+j79.44 |
线路 |
78.73+j30.77 |
如
Positive sequence current fault component and bus voltage at monitoring points when failure occurs at point
由
相间短路故障下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(监测点上游故障)
Phase of positive sequence current fault component at each monitoring point when phase-to-phase short circuit fault occurs (fault at upstream of the monitoring point)
过渡电阻/Ω | 相位/(°) | |||
0 | -13.23 | -9.31 | -18.86 | -12.34 |
0.5 | 18.09 | 22.04 | 12.46 | 18.98 |
1 | 35.38 | 39.29 | 29.74 | 36.26 |
1.5 | 44.65 | 48.55 | 39.02 | 45.52 |
2 | 50.14 | 54.05 | 44.52 | 51.03 |
由
当考虑配电网不同运行方式对分界方法可靠性的影响时, 将系统运行方式调整为最小运行方式, 仿真得到发生相间金属性短路、经过渡电阻短路故障时, 各测量点处正序电流故障分量的相位, 记录故障后2个工频周波的稳态相位, 如
最小运行方式下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(监测点上游故障)
Phase of positive sequence current fault component at each monitoring point in minimum operation mode(fault at upstream of the monitoring point)
过渡电阻/Ω | 相位/(°) | |||
0 | -18.77 | -14.85 | -24.4 | -17.89 |
0.5 | 2.82 | 6.75 | -2.81 | 3.76 |
1 | 17.93 | 21.85 | 12.33 | 18.82 |
1.5 | 27.75 | 37.70 | 22.17 | 28.64 |
2 | 34.33 | 38.22 | 28.66 | 35.19 |
由
为进一步验证结论的准确性, 充分考虑其他短路故障类型, 如三相短路、两相短路接地及单相接地故障仿真分析, 如
不同短路故障下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(监测点上游故障)
Positive sequence current fault component phase at each monitoring point under different short circuit faults(fault at upstream of the monitoring point)
故障类型 | 相位/(°) | |||
三相短路 | -77.32 | -71.01 | -86.43 | -77.07 |
两相短路接地 | -30.34 | -26.39 | -31.83 | -25.30 |
单相接地 | 0.86 | 4.78 | -4.84 | 1.65 |
由
当母线上发生故障时, 以AB相间短路故障为例, 不考虑过渡电阻。仿真得到母线电压波形、母线进线与所有馈线出口处正序电流故障分量瞬时值波形及相位波形, 如
Positive sequence current fault component and bus voltage at monitoring points when failure occurs at point
由
相间短路故障下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(母线故障)
Phase of positive sequence current fault component at each monitoring point under phase-to-phase short circuit fault(fault on the bus)
过渡电阻/Ω | 相位/(°) | |||
0 | 153.3 | -9.31 | -18.86 | -12.34 |
0.5 | 163.1 | -29.03 | -32.72 | -32.06 |
1 | 166.5 | -21.88 | -31.44 | -24.91 |
1.5 | 169.1 | -31.54 | -22.36 | -15.84 |
2 | 169.7 | -13.62 | 2.28 | -16.63 |
由
将系统运行方式调整为最小运行方式, 仿真发生金属性、经过渡电阻的相间短路故障时, 各测量点处正序电流故障分量的相位如
最小运行方式下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(母线故障)
Phase of positive sequence current fault component at each monitoring point under minimum operation mode(fault on the bus)
过渡电阻/Ω | 相位/(°) | |||
0 | 150.2 | -14.85 | -24.40 | -17.88 |
0.5 | 159.4 | -32.86 | -42.38 | -35.95 |
1 | 158.4 | -37.75 | -40.17 | -33.63 |
1.5 | 159.7 | -25.11 | -38.68 | -32.17 |
2 | 161.4 | -29.17 | -38.71 | -32.20 |
由
不同短路故障下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(母线故障)
Positive sequence current fault component phase at each monitoring point under different short circuit faults(fault on the bus)
故障类型 | 相位/(°) | |||
三相短路 | 158.9 | -86.77 | -96.26 | -96.58 |
两相短路接地 | 159.9 | -36.67 | -46.21 | -39.70 |
单相接地 | 160.9 | -3.31 | -12.81 | -6.38 |
当馈线侧发生AB相间金属性短路故障时, 仿真得到母线电压、母线进线与所有馈线出口处正序电流故障分量瞬时值波形及相位波形见
Positive sequence current fault component and bus voltage at monitoring points when failure occurs at point
由
相间短路故障下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(馈线侧故障)
Phase of positive sequence current fault component at each monitoring point under phase-to-phase short circuit fault(fault on the feeder)
过渡电阻/Ω | 相位/(°) | |||
0 | 153.4 | -9.36 | -18.91 | 153.3 |
0.5 | 164.9 | -29.12 | -32.78 | 165.4 |
1 | 170.0 | -22.10 | -42.84 | 165.3 |
1.5 | 168.3 | -13.11 | -41.45 | 168.2 |
2 | 168.9 | -14.03 | 2.03 | 169.2 |
由
将系统运行方式调整为最小运行方式, 仿真最小运行方式下, 发生相间金属性短路、经过渡电阻短路故障时, 各测量点处正序电流故障分量的相位, 仿真结果如
最小运行方式下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(馈线侧故障)
Phase of positive sequence current fault component at each monitoring point under minimum operation mode(fault on the feeder)
过渡电阻/Ω | 相位/(°) | |||
0 | 150.1 | -14.85 | -24.41 | 149.9 |
0.5 | 159.2 | 2.91 | -47.12 | 161.6 |
1 | 158.1 | 12.92 | -47.46 | 161.2 |
1.5 | 160.9 | 27.02 | -49.53 | 160.9 |
2 | 161.1 | 33.16 | -53.69 | 160.9 |
由
不同短路故障下各监测点处正序电流故障分量相位(馈线侧故障)
Positive sequence current fault component phase at each monitoring point under different short circuit faults(fault on the feeder)
故障类型 | 相位/(°) | |||
三相短路 | 151.11 | 27.24 | 22.46 | 152.16 |
两相短路接地 | 152.06 | 28.19 | 23.40 | 153.11 |
单相接地 | -157.04 | 79.06 | 74.30 | -155.99 |
由
电压暂降过程伴随着电压、电流相位跳变, 可能会对所提分界方法产生影响。经仿真分析发现, 当系统发生三相短路故障且处于最小运行方式下时, 短路故障过渡电阻越小, 10 kV母线电压相位跳变越严重, 对正序电流故障分量相位影响越大。以10 kV母线上
母线电压、各监测点处正序电流相位及正序电流故障分量相位
Phase waveform of bus voltage, positive sequence current and positive sequence current fault component at monitoring points
由
传统的配电网电压暂降源定位多采用功率方向法, 以文献[
当
Negative sequence power current at monitoring points when phase-to-phase earth fault occurs at point
由
Positive sequence current fault component phase when phase-to-phase earth fault occurs at point
由
文中提出了一种新型电压暂降扰动源分界方法, 结合配电网拓扑结构及变电站内所有进出线量测信息, 得到母线进线与所有馈线出口处正序电流故障分量相位分布特征。若母线进线与所有馈线出口处正序电流故障分量相位差为-90°~90°, 则扰动源位于监测点上游; 若相位差为90°~270°, 则扰动源位于母线上; 若母线进线与第
同时文中针对系统运行方式、短路故障类型、过渡电阻、电压暂降相位跳变等影响因素进行了仿真分析, 验证了所提电压暂降扰动源分界方法的可靠性。所提方法与实际配电网联系紧密, 仅依赖于站端进出线的电流量测信息, 工程实施方便。所提方法同样适用于电容投切、变压器投切、大电机起动等小扰动工况。
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