In the context of China's strategic goals of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, as well as the construction of a new power system and a new energy system, offshore wind power has become an important direction for the development of renewable energy. Current research focuses on offshore wind power through grid integration methods and related technologies, promoting the stable and healthy development of the offshore wind power industry. A comprehensive review of research on optimal scheduling for the grid-integrated operation of offshore wind energy systems is provided in this paper. Firstly, the spatiotemporal characteristics, aggregation strategies, grid integration technologies, and transmission control strategies of large-scale offshore wind power clusters are analyzed. Their operational mechanisms and evaluation frameworks within the context of new energy systems are explored, and typical engineering cases are further examined. Then, the current state of research on optimization scheduling for offshore wind power grid integration is comprehensively reviewed, with a focus placed on the composition of energy systems incorporating offshore wind power, scheduling issues, and optimization methods. Finally, the development trends of grid integration and operation of offshore wind power in new energy systems are forecasted, and the key technical directions requiring further study are highlighted, aiming to provide reference for subsequent research and promote the high-quality development of offshore wind power.