Fairness of data rates among nodes within a LoRaWAN cell is studied. The reasons why the LoRaWAN data extraction rate is unfair are:firstly, the data rate allocated to the nodes is unreasonable; secondly, because of the distance problem, LoRa / LoRaWAN shows a capture effect, where only the stronger signal in the collision signals is extracted. In order to solve the above problems, a fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control scheme is proposed. By deploying the fairest ratio of each data rate and controlling the transmission power in a cell, the capture effect is reduced, and fair data extraction is possible regardless of the distance between them and the gateway. Numerical simulation results show that compared with the latest technology, the method in this paper achieves higher fairness in data extraction rate. At the same time, the proposed method can maintain the life cycle of the node without excessive transmission power, thus reducing the overall energy consumption of the entire transmission system, in line with the concept of green communication.