Spectrum monitoring system of power wireless private network is of great significance to guarantee the service quality and improve the management level of the power wireless private network. Scientific and reasonable plan for the deployment and effectiveness evaluation are conducive to reducing the cost of system construction and improving the monitoring performance of the system. In view of the application scenario of power wireless private network, considering the characteristics of service distribution and monitoring requirements, this paper designs the planning process of monitoring system based on the characteristics of power service distribution. Considering the factors of monitoring capacity, construction cost and utilization efficiency, a multi-dimensional evaluation index system of planning effectiveness is constructed, and a calculation method of deployment effectiveness evaluation based on composite weights is proposed and analyzed. The results show that the proposed evaluation method can comprehensively evaluate the adaptability of different planning algorithms in system deployment, which is conducive to forming a scientific deployment plan, promoting the optimal utilization of spectrum monitoring resources and guiding the construction of spectrum monitoring system.